4th Semester Pathology Notes
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pathology pdf notes
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Completely Notes Of Pathology – 2



Unit- 1

Special Pathology:
Pathological changes in disease
conditions of selected systems

  1. Kidneys and Urinary tract
    ο‚· Glomerulonephritis
    ο‚· Pyelonephritis
    ο‚· Renal calculi
    ο‚· Cystitis
    ο‚· Renal Cell Carcinoma
    ο‚· Renal Failure (Acute and Chronic)
  2. Male genital systems
  3. ο‚· Cryptorchidism
  4. ο‚· Testicular atrophy
  5. ο‚· Prostatic hyperplasia
  6. ο‚· Carcinoma penis and Prostate.
  7. Female genital system
    ο‚· Carcinoma cervix
    ο‚· Carcinoma of endometrium
    ο‚· Uterine fibroids
    ο‚· Vesicular mole and
    Choriocarcinoma
    ο‚· Ovarian cysts and tumors
  8. Breast
    ο‚· Fibrocystic changes
    ο‚· Fibroadenoma
  9. Carcinoma of the Breast
  10. Central nervous system
    ο‚· Meningitis.
    ο‚· Encephalitis
    ο‚· Stroke
    ο‚· Tumors of CNS

Unit- 2

Clinical Pathology
ο‚· Examination of body cavity fluids:
o Methods of collection and examination of CSF and other body cavity fluids (sputum, wound discharge) specimens for various clinical pathology, biochemistry, and microbiology tests

Analysis of semen:
o Sperm count, motility, and morphology and their importance in infertility
ο‚· Urine:
o Physical characteristics, Analysis, Culture and Sensitivity
ο‚· Feces:
o Characteristics
o Stool examination: Occult blood,
Ova, Parasite, and Cyst, Reducing substance, etc.
o Methods and collection of urine and faeces for various tests

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