1st Semester Nursing Foundation Notes.

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ALL UNIT NURSING FOUNDATION NOTES

Unit – 1

Describe the concept of health and illness.

• Concept of Health: Definitions (WHO), Dimensions
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Health – Illness continuum
• Factors influencing health Causes and risk factors for developing illnesses
• Illness: Types, Illness behavior
• Impact of Illness on Patient and Family

Unit-2

Health Care Delivery Systems: Introduction of basic concepts & Meanings.

• Levels of Illness Prevention primary (health promotion), secondary and tertiary.
• Levels of care-Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
• Types of health care agencies/ Services Hospitals, clinics, Hospice, rehabilitation centers, extended care facilities
• Hospitals: Types, Organization, and Functions
• Health care teams in hospitals-members and their Role.

Unit-3

History of Nursing and Nursing as a Profession.

• History of Nursing, History of Nursing in India
• Contributions of Florence Nightingale
• Nursing:
  Definition- Nurse, Nursing, Concepts, philosophy, objectives, Characteristics, nature and Scope of Nursing/ Nursing practice, Functions of nurse, Qualities of a nurse, Categories of nursing personnel
• Nursing as a Profession Definition and Characteristics/Criteria of Profession
• Values: Introduction-meaning and importance
• Code of Ethics and professional conduct for nurses-Introduction

Unit-4

Communication and Nurse patient relationship.

• Communication: Levels, Elements and Process, Types, Modes, Factors influencing communication

• Methods of effective communication/ Therapeutic Communication Techniques

• Barriers to effective communication
  / Nontherapeutic Communication
  techniques
• Professional communication
• Helping Relationships (Nurse Patient
  Relationship): Puposes and Phases
• Communicating effectively with
  patient, families, and team members
  Maintaining effective human relations and communication with vulnerable groups (children, women, physically and mentally challenged and elderly)

Unit-5

Documentation and Reporting.

• Confidentiality
• Types of Client Records/ Common
  Record-keeping forms
• Methods/ Systems of
  documentation/ Recording
• Guidelines for documentation
• Do’s and Don’ts of Documentation/
  Legal guidelines for Documentation/
  Recording
• Reporting: Change-of shift
  reports, Transfer reports, Incident
  reports

Unit-6

Vital signs

• Definition, Physiology, Regulation, Factors affecting body temperature Assessment of body temperature: sites, equipment and technique of Temperature alterations:
• Hyperthermia, Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heatstroke, Hypothermia of Fever/ Pyrexia- Definition, Causes, Stages, Types, Nursing Management of Hot and Cold applications

Unit-7

Health assessment

Interview techniques

• Observation techniques
• Purposes of health assessment
• Process of Health Assessment
  Health history Physical examination: Methods- Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation, Olfaction Preparation for examination: patient and unit General assessment Assessment of each body system
  Documenting health assessment findings

Unit -8

Equipment and Linen

• Types: Disposables and reusable
• Linen, rubber goods, glassware,
• metal, plastics, furniture
• Introduction: Indent, maintenance,
• Inventory

Unit -9

Introduction to Infection Control in Clinical Setting Infection.

• Nature of infection,
• Chain of infection
• Types of infection
• Stages of infection
• Factors increasing susceptibility to infection
• Body defenses against infection:
• Inflammatory response & Immune response
• Healthcare-associated infection
• (Nosocomial infection)

Introductory concept of Asepsis: Medical & Surgical asepsis Precautions.

• Hand Hygiene
• (Hand washing and use of
• hand Rub)
• Use of Personal Protective
• Equipment (PPE)
• Standard precautions

Biomedical Waste management.

Types of hospital waste, waste segregation and hazards

Unit -10

Comfort, Rest & Sleep and Pain.

Comfort
o Factors Influencing Comfort
o Types of beds & bed making
o Therapeutic positions
o Comfort devices

Sleep and Rest –
o Physiology of sleep
o Factors affecting sleep
o Promoting Rest and sleep
o Sleep Disorders Pain (Discomfort)
o Physiology
o Common cause of pain
o Types
o Assessment
o Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological pain-relieving measures
o Invasive techniques of pain management
o CAM (Complementary & Alternative healing Modalities)

Unit-11

Promoting Safety in Health Care Environment.

• Physical environment: Temperature,
• Humidity, Noise, Ventilation, Light,
• Odor, Pest control

• Reduction of Physical hazards: fire,
  accidents
• Fall Risk Assessment
• Role of nurse in Providing safe and
  clean environment Safety devices: restraints- Types, Purposes,
  Indications, Legal Implications, and Consent, Application of
  Restraints- Skill and Practice Guidelines
  |Other Safety Devices: Side rails, Grab bars, Ambu alarms, non-skid slippers etc.

Unit -12

Hospital Admission and Discharge.

• Admission to the hospital Unit and preparation of unit
• o Admission bed Admission procedure
• o Medico-legal issues
• Roles and Responsibilities of the Nurse
• Discharge from the hospital
• of Types: Planned discharge,
• LAMA and Abscond,
• Referrals and transfers
• Discharge Planning Discharge procedure Medico-legal issues
• Roles and Responsibilities of the nurse
• Care of the unit after discharge

Unit-13

Mobility and Immobility.

• Elements of Normal Movement,
• Alignment & Posture, Joint Mobility,
• Balance, Coordinated Movement Principles ofbody mechanics Factors affecting Body Alignment and
• activity Exercise- Types and benefits Effects of Immobility

• Maintenance of normal Body Alignment
  and Activity
• Alteration in Body Alignment and
  mobility
• Nursing interventions for impaired Body Alignment and Mobility: assessment, types, devices used, method
  Range of motion exercises Muscle strengthening exercises
  Maintaining body alignment: positions Moving Lifting Transferring Walking Assisting clients with ambulation
• Care of patients with Immobility using
  Nursing process approach
  Care of patients with casts and splints

Unit-14

Patient education.

• Patient Teaching: Importance,
• Purposes, Process Integrating nursing process inpatient
• teaching