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In the realm of healthcare, understanding pathology is like unraveling the mysteries of the human body’s response to disease. As you delve into these notes, envision the knowledge gained here as a powerful tool that will empower you in your future roles as compassionate caregivers and healthcare professionals. Let this journey be a stepping stone towards expertise and excellence in your chosen field.
Wishing you an enriching experience with our 3rd Semester Pathology Notes. Let the journey to knowledge and proficiency begin!
Complete Notes of PATHOLOGY – I
Unit -1
- Introduction
- Importance of the study of pathology
- Definition of terms in pathology
- Cell injury: Etiology, pathogenesis of reversible and irreversible cell injury, Necrosis, Gangrene
- Cellular adaptations: Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia, Apoptosis
- Inflammation:
- Acute inflammation (Vascular and Cellular events, systemic effects of acute inflammation)
- Chronic inflammation (Granulomatous inflammation, systemic effects of chronic inflammation)
- Wound healing
- Neoplasia: Nomenclature, Normal and Cancer cell, Benign and malignant tumors, Carcinoma in situ, Tumor metastasis: general mechanism, routes of spread, and examples of each route
- Circulatory disturbances: Thrombosis, embolism, shock
- Disturbance of body fluids and electrolytes: Edema, Transudates, and Exudates
Unit -2
Special Pathology
Pathological changes in disease conditions of selected systems:
- Respiratory system
Pulmonary infections: Pneumonia, Lung abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Bronchial Asthma, Bronchiectasis Tumors of Lungs - Cardio-vascular system
Atherosclerosis
Ischemia and Infarction.
Rheumatic Heart Disease Infective endocarditis - Gastrointestinal tract
Peptic ulcer disease (Gastric and Duodenal ulcer)
Gastritis-H Pylori infection
Oral mucosa: Oral Leukoplakia, Squamous cell carcinoma
Esophageal cancer
Gastric cancer
Intestinal: Typhoid ulcer, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn‘s disease and Ulcerative colitis), Colorectal cancer - Liver, Gall Bladder and Pancreas
Liver: Hepatitis, Amoebic Liver abscess, Cirrhosis of Liver
Gall bladder: Cholecystitis.
Pancreas: Pancreatitis
Tumors of the liver, Gall bladder, and Pancreas - Skeletal system Bone: Bone healing, Osteoporosis, Osteomyelitis, Tumors Joints: Arthritis – Rheumatoid arthritis and Osteoarthritis
- Endocrine system
Diabetes Mellitus
Goitre
Carcinoma thyroid
Unit -3
- Hematological tests for the diagnosis of blood disorders
- Blood tests: Hemoglobin, White cell and platelet counts, PCV, ESR
- Coagulation tests: Bleeding time (BT), Prothrombin time (PT), Activated Partial Prothrombin Time (APTT)
- Blood chemistry
- Blood bank:
- Blood grouping and cross-matching
- Blood components
- Plasmapheresis
- Transfusion reactions
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