Healthcare Fundamentals Set 278 MCQs
Practice 15 questions with answers and concise explanations for General Medical revision.
15
General Medical
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How to use: Try each question first. Open the answer only after choosing an option. Revisit the questions you miss.
Q1. Steam under pressure is the principle used in:
- Autoclaving
- Dry heat oven only
- Filtration
- Radiography
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Correct answer: A. Autoclaving
Autoclaving uses saturated steam under pressure to achieve sterilization.
Q2. Sterile technique is primarily intended to:
- Reduce microbial contamination
- Increase drug absorption
- Increase blood pressure
- Change blood group
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Correct answer: A. Reduce microbial contamination
Sterile technique is used to prevent or minimize microbial contamination of sterile fields and materials.
Q3. Urine is formed primarily in the:
- Kidneys
- Liver
- Spleen
- Pancreas
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Correct answer: A. Kidneys
The kidneys filter blood and form urine through nephron processes.
Q4. Insulin generally acts to:
- Lower blood glucose
- Increase blood glucose
- Stop oxygen transport
- Produce bile
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Correct answer: A. Lower blood glucose
Insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage and generally lowers blood glucose concentration.
Q5. What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
- Neuron
- Nephron
- Alveolus
- Hepatocyte
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Correct answer: B. Nephron
The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Q6. Which structure is the main site of gas exchange in the lungs?
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Alveoli
- Pleura
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Correct answer: C. Alveoli
Gas exchange mainly occurs across the thin walls of the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.
Q7. Which ion is the major intracellular cation?
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Bicarbonate
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B. Potassium
Potassium is the major cation inside cells, while sodium predominates extracellularly.
Q8. Which ion is the major extracellular cation?
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Sodium
- Phosphate
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Correct answer: C. Sodium
Sodium is the major cation in extracellular fluid.
Q9. What is the main function of hemoglobin?
- Transport oxygen
- Produce bile
- Filter urine
- Digest protein
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Correct answer: A. Transport oxygen
Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds and transports oxygen.
Q10. Pharmacokinetics mainly describes:
- What the body does to a drug
- What the drug does to the body
- Only adverse effects
- Only drug names
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Correct answer: A. What the body does to a drug
Pharmacokinetics covers absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug.
Q11. Pharmacodynamics mainly describes:
- What a drug does to the body
- How a drug is excreted
- Only absorption
- Only distribution
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Correct answer: A. What a drug does to the body
Pharmacodynamics deals with drug effects, mechanisms and concentration-response relationships.
Q12. Which route can reduce first-pass hepatic metabolism for many medicines?
- Oral
- Sublingual
- Gastric tube
- Enteric-coated oral
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B. Sublingual
Sublingual absorption enters systemic circulation without initial passage through the liver.
Q13. Which of the following is a solid dosage form?
- Tablet
- Syrup
- Elixir
- Injection
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Correct answer: A. Tablet
A tablet is a solid pharmaceutical dosage form.
Q14. A pulse oximeter is used to estimate:
- Blood glucose
- Peripheral oxygen saturation
- Serum sodium
- Hemoglobin concentration
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B. Peripheral oxygen saturation
Pulse oximetry noninvasively estimates peripheral oxygen saturation, usually displayed as SpO2.
Q15. Hand hygiene is a basic measure used to reduce:
- Transmission of microorganisms
- Bone density loss
- Blood group reactions
- Drug bioavailability
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Transmission of microorganisms
Appropriate hand hygiene reduces transmission of microorganisms between people and surfaces.
How to Revise This Set
Attempt all 15 questions once without checking answers. Review only the questions you missed, then repeat those in your next revision round.
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