Healthcare Fundamentals Set 279 MCQs
Practice 15 questions with answers and concise explanations for General Medical revision.
15
General Medical
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How to use: Try each question first. Open the answer only after choosing an option. Revisit the questions you miss.
Q1. Which ion is the major extracellular cation?
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Sodium
- Phosphate
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C. Sodium
Sodium is the major cation in extracellular fluid.
Q2. What is the main function of hemoglobin?
- Transport oxygen
- Produce bile
- Filter urine
- Digest protein
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Transport oxygen
Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds and transports oxygen.
Q3. Pharmacokinetics mainly describes:
- What the body does to a drug
- What the drug does to the body
- Only adverse effects
- Only drug names
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Correct answer: A. What the body does to a drug
Pharmacokinetics covers absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug.
Q4. Pharmacodynamics mainly describes:
- What a drug does to the body
- How a drug is excreted
- Only absorption
- Only distribution
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Correct answer: A. What a drug does to the body
Pharmacodynamics deals with drug effects, mechanisms and concentration-response relationships.
Q5. Which route can reduce first-pass hepatic metabolism for many medicines?
- Oral
- Sublingual
- Gastric tube
- Enteric-coated oral
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Correct answer: B. Sublingual
Sublingual absorption enters systemic circulation without initial passage through the liver.
Q6. Which of the following is a solid dosage form?
- Tablet
- Syrup
- Elixir
- Injection
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Correct answer: A. Tablet
A tablet is a solid pharmaceutical dosage form.
Q7. A pulse oximeter is used to estimate:
- Blood glucose
- Peripheral oxygen saturation
- Serum sodium
- Hemoglobin concentration
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Correct answer: B. Peripheral oxygen saturation
Pulse oximetry noninvasively estimates peripheral oxygen saturation, usually displayed as SpO2.
Q8. Hand hygiene is a basic measure used to reduce:
- Transmission of microorganisms
- Bone density loss
- Blood group reactions
- Drug bioavailability
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Correct answer: A. Transmission of microorganisms
Appropriate hand hygiene reduces transmission of microorganisms between people and surfaces.
Q9. Antibacterial antibiotics are generally ineffective against:
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Some susceptible protozoa
- Some susceptible fungi
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Correct answer: B. Viruses
Antibacterial drugs target bacteria and do not treat viral infections.
Q10. A receptor antagonist typically:
- Blocks or reduces receptor-mediated effects
- Always activates a receptor fully
- Always increases enzyme activity
- Always causes sedation
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Correct answer: A. Blocks or reduces receptor-mediated effects
An antagonist binds to a receptor without activating it and reduces the effect of an agonist.
Q11. Drug bioavailability refers to:
- Fraction of a dose reaching systemic circulation unchanged
- Drug color
- Tablet hardness
- Number of daily doses
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Correct answer: A. Fraction of a dose reaching systemic circulation unchanged
Bioavailability is the fraction of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation unchanged.
Q12. Which blood component is most directly involved in primary hemostasis?
- Platelets
- Red blood cells
- Albumin
- Bilirubin
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Correct answer: A. Platelets
Platelets adhere and aggregate at sites of vascular injury during primary hemostasis.
Q13. The normal pacemaker of the heart is the:
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje fibers
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A. SA node
The sinoatrial node normally initiates the heartbeat and acts as the primary cardiac pacemaker.
Q14. Which organ produces bile?
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Kidney
- Spleen
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Liver
Bile is produced by hepatocytes in the liver and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.
Q15. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the:
- Small intestine
- Esophagus
- Large intestine
- Stomach
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Small intestine
The small intestine is the major site for digestion and absorption of nutrients.
How to Revise This Set
Attempt all 15 questions once without checking answers. Review only the questions you missed, then repeat those in your next revision round.
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